A marine is a member of a force that specializes in
expeditionary operations such as amphibious assault and occupation. The
marines traditionally have strong links with the country's navy.
In operation the commander in the field is usually the commander of the
fleet; services are provided by the Navy (medical, legal, jails,
supply); the anchor is often present as a symbol (USMC, French Troupes
de Marine, Dutch Korps Mariniers), and the name Marine means Navy in
French and Dutch. However, the marine force can be under Navy, Army or
independent command.
Tasks undertaken by marines have included providing protection from war while at sea, reflecting the pressed nature of the ships' company and the risk of mutiny. Other tasks would include boarding of vessels during combat or capture of prize ships and providing manpower for raiding ashore in support of the naval objectives. Marine elements would also contribute to the campaign ashore, in support of the military objective.
With the industrialization of warfare in the 20th Century the scale of landing operations increased; thus brought with it an increased likelihood of opposition and a need for co-ordination of various military elements. Marine forces evolved to specialize in the skills and capabilities required for amphibious warfare.
The first organized corps of Marines was created when Charles V first assigned the naval infantry of the Compañías Viejas del Mar de Nápoles (Naples Sea Old Companies) to the Escuadras de Galeras del Mediterráneo (Mediterranean Galley Squadrons) in 1537, progenitors of the current Spanish Navy Marines (Infantería de Marina) corps.[6][7]
The word marine was originally used for the forces of England and exact one-word translations for the term do not exist in many other languages except for the Dutch word "Marinier". Typically, foreign equivalents are called naval infantry or navy infantry or coastal infantry. In French-speaking countries, two phrases exist which could be translated as marine: troupes de marine and fusiliers-marins; similar pseudo-translations exist elsewhere, e.g., Fuzileiros Navais in Portuguese. The word marine/marina means "navy" in many European languages such as Spanish, Dutch, French, Italian, German, Swedish and Norwegian.
U.S. Marines conducting a live fire training exercise aboard an amphibious assault ship.
The principal role of marine troops is military operations in the littoral zone, operating from ships they are trained to land on and secure key points to around 50 miles inland.[citation needed]
Marine units primarily deploy from warships using helicopters, landing craft, hovercraft or amphibious vehicles.
In addition to their primary role, Marine troops are also used in a variety of other naval roles such as boarding operations, ship, naval port security riverine operations.
Tasks undertaken by marines have included providing protection from war while at sea, reflecting the pressed nature of the ships' company and the risk of mutiny. Other tasks would include boarding of vessels during combat or capture of prize ships and providing manpower for raiding ashore in support of the naval objectives. Marine elements would also contribute to the campaign ashore, in support of the military objective.
With the industrialization of warfare in the 20th Century the scale of landing operations increased; thus brought with it an increased likelihood of opposition and a need for co-ordination of various military elements. Marine forces evolved to specialize in the skills and capabilities required for amphibious warfare.
History
In the earliest days of naval warfare, there was little distinction between sailors and soldiers on a warship, as the oarsmen of Ancient Greek and Roman ships had to be capable of fighting the rowers of opposing ships hand-to-hand;[1] though hoplites began appearing on Greek ships specifically for the boarding of enemy ships.[2][3] The Roman Navy's two legions, I Adiutrix and II Adiutrix, were among the first distinct naval infantry units.[4][5]
The first organized corps of Marines was created when Charles V first assigned the naval infantry of the Compañías Viejas del Mar de Nápoles (Naples Sea Old Companies) to the Escuadras de Galeras del Mediterráneo (Mediterranean Galley Squadrons) in 1537, progenitors of the current Spanish Navy Marines (Infantería de Marina) corps.[6][7]
Etymology
The word marine is from the English adjective marine, meaning of the sea, via French marin(e), of the sea from Latin marinus ("maritime").The word marine was originally used for the forces of England and exact one-word translations for the term do not exist in many other languages except for the Dutch word "Marinier". Typically, foreign equivalents are called naval infantry or navy infantry or coastal infantry. In French-speaking countries, two phrases exist which could be translated as marine: troupes de marine and fusiliers-marins; similar pseudo-translations exist elsewhere, e.g., Fuzileiros Navais in Portuguese. The word marine/marina means "navy" in many European languages such as Spanish, Dutch, French, Italian, German, Swedish and Norwegian.
Roles
Marine units primarily deploy from warships using helicopters, landing craft, hovercraft or amphibious vehicles.
In addition to their primary role, Marine troops are also used in a variety of other naval roles such as boarding operations, ship, naval port security riverine operations.
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KNOWLEDGE